Overall, the equation of motion for translational velocities with anti-hourglass and contact
forces is written as:
(1)
Where,
is the transport momentum vector given as
.
(2)
All matrices and vectors defined in the above equation are integrated over the spatial domain.
The mass matrix is not constant in time, since the density and domain vary with
time. It is shown that the solution of the equation is oscillatory in space when a
mesh parameter, known as the Peclet number exceeds a critical value. This spatial
stability can be avoided by adding numerical diffusion to the scheme which otherwise
is generally under-diffusive and thus unstable. The momentum upwind coefficient is
defined in material input. The full upwind case (coef=1) is the
default value in Radioss and is generally used.
One upwinding technique is available in
Radioss:
- Streamline Upwinding by Petrov-Galerkin method (SUPG):
SUPG consists in
modifying the shape functions to take into account the momentum
convection terms. Since version 2018, SUPG is activated by default. SUPG
can be turned off by using the Engine file
option:
/UPWM/SUPG