Buckling Linear

To solve linear buckling, first apply a reference level of loading, $f_{ref}$ , to the structure.

Then, perform linear static analysis to obtain the stresses needed to form the geometric stiffness matrix, $K$ , corresponding to $f_{ref}$ . Calculate buckling loads by solving an eigenvalue problem. Not all eigenvalues are required; only a small number of the lowest eigenvalues are normally calculated for buckling analysis.