seam-quad LTB
The seam-quad LTB realization realizes t-welds, lap-welds, laser-welds, and butt-welds.
This weld type is identified automatically based on the orientation of the links to each other.
General Info
- Weld Type
- Defines weather to setup a configuration exclusively for a T, L, or B connection, or automatically setup a configuration for each connection based on the angle.
- Tolerance
- Defines the distance from the connector location.
Weld Shape
- T Weld Shape
- Defines how the T weld is created.
- Use Extension
- Interpolate an extension of the T joint and calculate the weld dimensions from this location.
- Extension Angle
- If the Links are at an angle greater than the “Extension Angle” then the “Use Extension” operation is used.
- L Weld Shape
- Defines how the L weld is created.
- B Weld Shape
- B welds are always created straight.
- With Caps
- When enabled, seams are closed with a tria element.
- Coat
- The number of elements in the weld.
- Allow Tria Weld
- This option allows the realization to use Trias in the weld and HAZ. This can improve element quality on connectors with a very tight radius.
Realization Details
- Dimensioning Scheme
- Defines the dimensioning scheme for the dimensions of the T weld, L
weld, and B weld connections.
- user input
- Manually define discrete values for the weld dimensions, shown in black in Figure 16, Figure 17, and Figure 18. The horizontal dimensions can be defined using a length or an angle.
- thickness dependent
- Choose a formula to define the weld dimensions, shown in black in Figure 16, Figure 17, and Figure 18. The provided formulas are all dependent on the thicknesses t1 and t2. A formula can be chosen individually for each verticalV and horizontalH distance, or the same formula can be used for T, L and B.
- weldsize dependent
- Manually define discrete values for the weld dimensions, shown in red in the Figure 16, Figure 17, and Figure 18. The verticalV and horizontalH distances are defined with formulas reflecting the weld sizes and the t1 and t2 thicknesses.
- DIM T (Dimensioning T)
-
Input Thickness dependent Weldsize dependent Horizontal Lengths LTH - by angle
- by length
- Pitch Size
- T1
- T2
- (T1+T2)
- (T1+T2)/2
- T Minimum
- T Maximum
- Lh, LB, LV Factor*
t1/2+wh/2 Vertical Length LTV - by length
- by edge
- By Edge
- Pitch Size
- T1
- T2
- (T1+T2)
- (T1+T2)/2
- T Minimum
- T Maximum
- By edge + 0.4*T1
- Lh, LB, LV Factor*
- t2/2+wv/2
- by edge
- DIM L (Dimensioning L)
-
Input Thickness dependent Weldsize dependent Horizontal Lengths LTH - by length
- by angle
- Pitch Size
- T1
- T2
- (T1+T2)
- (T1+T2)/2
- T Minimum
- T Maximum
- Lh, LB, LV Factor*
wh/2 - DIM B (Dimensioning B)
-
Input Thickness dependent Weldsize dependent Lengths LB - by length
- by angle
- Pitch Size
- T1
- T2
- (T1+T2)
- (T1+T2)/2
- T Minimum
- T Maximum
- Lh, LB, LV Factor*
- wb
- by edges
- Use Edge to T, B
- If the weld is classified as a T or a B weld, the weld is created from the edge. You don’t need to put any values in for Vertical Length for T welds and Width for B welds.
- Edge Treatment
-
- Treatment
- Try to move the edges of the mesh to meet the dimension scheme. Edge treatment is not needed when the different length dimension settings are set to by edge. When enabled, edges are allowed to move.
- Keep
- Keep the mesh if the weld is realizing above the edge.
- Cut
- Trim the mesh below the weld if the weld is realizing above the edge.
- Max Length Value
- Defines the maximum length value.
- Caps
- Determines how caps are created.
Element Details
The Element Details settings control the normal directions of the weld, as well as the HAZ elements.
- Towards welder
- The element normals are in the direction of the weld.
- Away from welder
- The element normals are in the opposite direction of the weld.
Connectivity Info
The following options give you the ability to change how the realization connects to the mesh.
- imprint (default)
- Creates quad weld elements and stitches them to both links by adjusting their mesh. The HAZ is created in this option.
- skip imprint
- Creates quad weld elements but does not change the meshes of the links. Instead, additional elements are created to represent the requested HAZ. These elements are organized in the ^conn_imprint component and can later be used for a manual imprint after they have been manipulated to your needs. This option is helpful when working with more complex areas, where the standard imprint functionality fails, for example, conflicting connectors.
- imprint/no HAZ
- Creates quad weld elements and stitches them to both links by adjusting their mesh. Mesh modifications are as minimal as possible and no HAZ are performed.
- none
- Creates quad weld elements only. Quad weld elements will not be attached to the links. The connection will need further attention.
HAZ Info
The HAZ Info settings define the lengths of the different heat affected zones (HAZ), which are dependent on the HAZ lengths for T, L and B (defined in Realization Details). The HAZ length settings vary depending on the defined weld shapes (vertical, angled, vertical and angled, caps).
- First try to realize with user-specified HAZ lengths.
- If step 1 fails, realize with reduced HAZ lengths/reduced HAZ’s elements length at certain position on connectors.
- If step 2 also fails, realize with no HAZ’s.
- HAZ Scheme
- Choose a dimensioning scheme for the HAZ lengths of T, L, and B.
- input
- Enables you to decide if the HAZ lengths should be defined individually, or if all HAZ lengths are determined using the same approach (same as all).
- weldsize dependent
- Only available if weldsize dependent has been chosen for the Dimensioning Scheme as well.
- HAZ Lengths
-
- same as all
- Assigns the same length to all HAZ lengths.
- individual
- Assign HAZ lengths individually.
- HAZ Lengths (various)
- The following options are available in the various
HAZ length settings.
- input
- Requires a discrete value be specified for the length.
- average meshsize
- Length is dependent on the average mesh size in the local area where the imprint is performed.
- by thickness
- Sets the length to the same value as the thickness of the link getting the HAZ.
- LTH
- Horizontal length for T connections, which is the length between the foot points of the vertical and angled part of a seam.
- LLH
- Horizontal length for L connections, which is the length between the foot points of the vertical and angled part of a seam.
- LB
- Butt weld length.
- skip HAZ
- Skips individual HAZ that are not required.
- same as positive side
- Assigns the same length as the positive side to the negative side.
- wh or wh/2
- Length is dependent on the horizontal weld size. Only available when HAZ Scheme is set to weldsize dependent.
- wv or wv/2
- Length is dependent on the vertical weld size. Only available when HAZ Scheme is set to weldsize dependent.
- wb or wb/2
- Length is dependent on the butt weld size. Only available when HAZ Scheme is set to weldsize dependent.
- LTVedge
-
Choose between skip HAZ and LTVedge. Only available for the HAZTvedge length.
- HAZ Length Factor (Avg. Meshsize/Thickness)
- Factor that increases or decreases the HAZ lengths, which have been defined using the average meshsize or by thickness length options.
- Max HAZ Length
- Maximum length for all HAZ lengths. If the HAZ length is greater than this value, then the Max HAZ Length is used.
- Dimensioning and Heat Affected Zones (HAZ):
-
- Dimensioning T
-
- Dimensioning L
-
- Dimensioning B
Property and Material Info
- HAZ Organize Scheme
- Choose a HAZ organize scheme:
- inherit property
- Inherits the elements of the HAZ from the links in which the HAZ elements are imprinted.
- general property
- Assigns the same HAZ property throughout one link, or throughout all links.
- individual property
- Assigns individual properties to each HAZ.
- HAZ Component Option
-
- stay in original
- Keeps HAZ elements in the component they were imprinted into. No additional properties get created.
- new component per original one
- Creates a new component for each component that gets a HAZ imprinted. The direct property assignment setting is ignored when this option is selected.
- HAZ Property Option
- The options available are dependent on the HAZ Organize Scheme selected.
- assign original property
- Assigns the same property that was assigned to the original components to new components.
- assign duplicated property
- Duplicates the original properties and assigns them to new components.
- select
- Select a property from the current model via the Select Property For HAZ option. Unless direct property assignment is activated, a component named ltb_seam_quad_haz_ with the property ID as a postfix is created.
- same as original
- Assigns HAZ elements the same property as the original. No further properties are created. HAZ elements are organized into components named ltb_seam_quad_haz_ with the property ID as postfix.
- scaled original thickness
- Creates a new property and component for each link that has a HAZ imprinted.
- input thickness
- Creates a new property and component for each link that has a HAZ imprinted.
- same as positive side
- Guarantees the HAZ on the positive and negative side of the T or L weld are assigned the same property.
- same as the other size
- Guarantees the HAZ on both sides of the B weld are assigned the same property.
- Weld Property
- Define how the thicknesses for the different parts of the weld are determined. Appropriate PSHELL properties are created.
- Property Option For Vertical Quads
-
Property Calculation Method - PID
- T Maximum
- T Minimum
- T1
- T2
- (T1 + T2)/2
- (T1 + T2)
- LH/sqrt(2)
- (LH/sqrt(2) + LV/sqrt(2))/4
- Same as Edge
- *Property Factor
- Property Option for Horizontal Quads
-
Property Calculation Method - PID
- T Maximum
- T Minimum
- T1
- T2
- (T1 + T2)/2
- (T1 + T2)
- LH/sqrt(2)
- (LH/sqrt(2) + LV/sqrt(2))/4
- Thickness
- *Property Factor
*Property Factor: Is a calculation factor that can be added to the calculation. The default value is 1.0, so the thickness calculation selection remains unchanged.
- Weld Property Grouping
- Reduce the number of properties created by grouping them, except when
using the select and same as edge options.
- do not group
- No grouping will take place. Properties are created as described in previous options.
- group same thickness
- Groups all weld elements with the same thickness into one property and one associated component. Vertical, angled, and straight weld elements that have the same thickness are also grouped together.
- group same thickness within vertical, angled + capped and straight quads
- Groups all weld elements with the same thickness and weld shape (vertical, angled + capped, straight) into one property and one associated component.
- By Weld If Possible
- Create components per Connector.
- Direct Property Assignment
- Stops additional components from being created, and directly assigns created or selected properties to individual weld or HAZ elements.
Behavior
- B/L classification angle
- Angle that is automatically determined for each individual seam connector, whether it is to be considered a butt weld or a lap weld. Default is set to 10.0°.
- L/T classification angle
- Angle that is automatically determined for each individual seam connector, whether it is to be considered a lap weld or a t-weld. Default is set to 10.0°.
- Angle Direction
- Defines which side the angled weld elements are created.
- connector side
- Angled weld elements are created on the side where the connector is located, as long as the connector is not perfectly on the free edge.
- positive side/negative side
- The positive and negative side can be determined as long as the links are not perfectly perpendicular to each other.
- edge quad normal
-
- Snapping to Edge
- Automatic edge snapping can be used to precisely position connectors. First, the connector snaps to, for example, the closest free edge, then the projection and FE creation starts.
- Edge Treatment (T/B)
- Attempts to create specific vertical lengths for T connections LTV, and specific lengths for B connections LB.
- Edge Treatment Options
- Choose whether to:
- extension and contraction
- extension
- contraction
- Edge Treatment Limit
- Edge treatment is a pure node movement; therefore, the maximum movement needs to be limited to prevent the elements at the edge from being destroyed. Movement is limited to a maximum of 0.5 times the element size at the edge. 0.5 is the maximum allowed value and default value.
- Preserve Washer
- Controls how washers are preserved during the seam imprint
realization.
- Don't Share Zone Elements
- Seam imprint allows heat affected zones (HAZ) to be merged in close areas. In this situation, one element might touch the weld elements from two different connectors. Do not share zone elements prevents zone elements from being shared.
- Quad In Corner
- Controls whether a single or double element is created in corners of quad seam connectors with a certain vertex.
- Quad Control
- Controls the maximum deviation from the perfect quad element for the heat affected zone (HAZ). It can be controlled, if the element size or the element skew is more important to retain.
- Max Quadsize Reduction In % / Max Quad Skew In Degrees
-
- Silver Elements
- Sliver elements are small elements that you may not want in your model.
In the images below, a perfect perpendicular projection resulted in
sliver elements. The Sliver Elements setting can be used to manage
sliver elements in your model. In the images below, the red elements
represent the HAZ elements.
- Element length<
- This length controls which elements to treat as sliver elements.
- Feature Angle
- Determines important features to retain during the imprint. Features that cross the HAZ, as well as near by features cannot be retained.
- Seam Test Point Alignment
- A global option. If the seam connectors are close by activating “Seam test Points Alignment” option in connector entity editor, the test point alignment is based on the proximity of other connectors to get better mesh flow. It also ensures the cross-over connector should have a common test point, so that unique nodes will be created.
- Seam Loose Ends
- A local option set on individual connectors. Enabling “Seam Test Points Alignment” will also enable this option, which allows for the alignment of start and end points of seam connectors along with alignment of other test points.
- Seam Fixed
- A local option set on individual connectors. Enabling the “Seam Fixed” option considers all the test points of seam connectors as fixed and will not be disturbed.
- Seam Consider Feature and Boundaries
- A local option set on individual connectors. Enabling the "Seam Consider Feature and Boundaries" option will adjust test points so the projections fall on features/boundaries wherever possible. Overhanging test points will be trimmed.
- Partial Imprint Percentage
- The allowable percentage of the connector to realize and still be classified as "Realized".